Problems of rind diseases in the modern world.

In unspecific, all diseases of the bark can be divided into a handful dame groups:
Pyoderma - a pustular contagion caused by pyogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). Pyoderma is the most proletarian diseases of the hide of any mature group. These comprehend folliculitis, sycosis vulgaris, furunculosis, carbuncles, hydradenitis, impetigo, and many others.
Fungal infections - fungal diseases caused by pathogenic fungi: pityriasis versicolor, epidermatofitiya groin, epidermatofitiya a close trichophytia, rubrofitiya, candidiasis, blastomycosis, etc.
Viral dermatoses caused not later than divergent viruses: herpes simplex and herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum.
Lingering communicable diseases: tuberculosis of the skin, leprosy, Lyme disease.
Parasitic diseases - a really reciprocal group of strip diseases caused sooner than different pathogens: mites - mange, demodicosis, lice - lice, leishmania - leishmaniasis of the skin.
Allergic - a league of incrustation diseases caused close to an allergic outer layer resistance to something. These comprise allergic dermatitis, toxicoderma, eczema, urticaria.
Neyrodermatozy - diseases caused mainly by changes in the apprehensive organization: itchy flay, atopic dermatitis, prurigo.
Psoriasis - the most prevalent lingering abrade disorder that affects as nails and joints. The following types of psoriasis: an humdrum, exudative, seborrheic, palmoplantar, pustular, Erythrasma, arthropathic, erythrodermic psoriasis.
Wordy connective tissue infection characterized nigh lesions of connective conglomeration take in lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis - a disorder, the exclusive or primary morphological mug of which is the boil: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring.
Angiitis of the graze (vasculitis) - dermatitis, characterized close to nonspecific redness of blood vessels of varying degrees. There are polymorphous dermal vasculitis, purpura pigmentosa hardened, knotty angiitis.
Genodermatosis - a hereditary decorticate illness, manifested through a variety of pathological processes in the scrape: ichthyosis, keratoderma, bullous epidermolysis, Recklinghausen's disease.
Disorders of strip appendages (sebaceous glands, trifle and nails) include seborrhea, and the disease developing as its consequences (eg, alopecia), acne of all kinds.
Dyschromia of the hide constitute a sacrilege of its pigmentation, usually caused through disorders of melanin pigment deposits.
For the benefit of tumors of the skin seborrheic keratoses are, cutaneous horn, keratoakantoma, precancer of the lamina, basal room carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and fibroma.
Furunculosis (Latin furunculus ferment +-osis) - stafilodermiya, characterized by the constant hint of restored boils at exceptional stages of improvement in sundry parts of the body. Therefore, the disease is defined as a long-standing relapsing passionate process.
The most attend regularly sites of localization boils are the confess b confront (the nose and cheeks), neck, shoulders, hips, buttocks. The disease almost always develops on areas of derma trauma, on a par minimal, in the frame of a single focus, multiple foci are rare.
Predisposing factors are the notwithstanding as that of a single boils (skin contamination, scratches, enormous emitting of sweat blood and sebaceous glands, etc.), as well as the weakening of the protected significance (weakness in neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency state in appropriateness with thymoma, diabetes, etc ..) Absolutely ordinarily there are cases where furunculosis is a complexity of other coat diseases such as eczema or scabies.
Characteristic boils develop as lone: on the skin profound agonizing pustule appears splendid red in color, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter in the change of evolution, it begins to stick out exceeding the conical healthy shell, forming a necrotic core. After 10-20 days, the autopsy is the sputter, accompanied by copious purulent necrotic mass. The function ends with scarring of the hearth.
The inequality between solitary furuncle and furunculosis is that the semblance of multiple boils may degenerate the dogged: fever may enter into the picture, the persistent complained of inexact weak point, headaches. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Practicable complications of the disorder chiefly appear when it is localized on the president (brazen through), neck, meningitis, cerebral sinus thrombosis, sepsis.
Carbuncle - purulent-necrotic swelling of the some locks follicles, which join to body a apart inflammatory infiltrate. As per usual develops as a sequel of the uniform factors that boil (husk contamination, injury, enormous seepage of swatting glands, diabetes, etc.). The disease is localized in the dermis and subcutaneous concatenation, the most familiar rank of appearance formations - the repayment of the neck, shoulders, tochis and debase back.
Since the rebellious process involves a handful skin of one's teeth follicles, the carbuncle, in contrast to the chafe, a scarcely any necrotic cores. Inflamed integument is vastly swells, becomes purplish-red and sweltering to the touch. In coequal, there is deterioration of run-of-the-mill requirement of the persistent: there is a fever (temperature may slope upwards to 40 degrees), trouble, nausea or vomiting, serious pain at the orientation of localization of sore, the accommodating feels a inclusive taste, diminution of appetite.
After a inexorable period revealed an swollen follicle, forming a handful openings which are separated pyonecrotic selection. In its area remains a festering chancre top, which slowly heals (2-4 weeks), and leaves behind a savagely star-shaped scar.
Treatment of carbuncle has a handful areas:
surgical dissection;
antibiotics and injections of antibiotics around the localization of irritation (in the primordial stages of expansion), the reception of detoxifying;
UHF;
also appointed next to proteolytic enzymes, disinfectants, and ointments epiteliziruyutsya (levomikol, baktroban, TOMICID).
Fungal infections (dermatomycosis syn.) a organize of diseases of the skin and its appendages (curls and nails) caused alongside pathogenic fungi of different genera. They occupy a weighty spot quantity the mycoses.
Centre of the fungal diseases from identified a bunch of groups: tinea, keratomikozy, candidiasis, and a group of soi-disant past comprehension mycoses. It also includes a unit of psevdomikozov, agents which hold an transitional position between fungi and bacteria.
The most shared integument diseases caused by fungi, are dermatofii, agents which - trihofiton fungi, and mikrosporumy epidermofiton. These incorporate incrustation diseases eidermofitiya stop rubrofitiya, trichophytia, crusted ringworm. The most common of them tinea pedis - athlete's foot and rubrofitiya. Typically caused near red trihofitonom, they can abuse not barely the skin of the feet and nails, and other hale and hearty areas of the skin. Factors contributing to the advance of fungal feet, are breaches of the rules of personal hygiene, sanitary-epidemic regime in basins, showers, etc., where the mushrooms can be long on weak surfaces, in stagnant waters.
Less common keratomikozy - fungal diseases affecting only the side areas of the stratification corneum of the epidermis, or cuticle hair. Mass the prominent keratomikozov pityriasis versicolor, trihosporiyu nodosum.
The overthrow of the skin, nails and complete ridges observed in the candidiasis - a disease caused past fungi of the genus Candida. Infection occurs by means of them in heterogeneous ways, including the development of candidiasis is credible with irrational use of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs, leading to dysbacteriosis.
The intensely mycoses in Europe are rare - they are characteristic of Africa, South America. Infection occurs when pelt microtraumas. On the veneer, there are many bumps, knots, are given to ulceration. The jeopardy of preoccupied fungal infections is that they strike the deeper layers of decorticate, subcutaneous tissue, underlying muscles and even bones and internal organs and commonly leads to death.
Treatment of fungal diseases is carried out using antifungal agents: ointments, creams and solutions (clotrimazole, terbinafine, lotseril, mikoseptin, nystatin, nitrofungin, etc.) and tablets (Lamisil, levorin, Nizoral, Nystatin, Orungal, etc.). If nail fungus is sometimes required surgery - liquidation of ailing nail.
Wart - a viral dermatosis caused by way of different types of human papillomavirus (HPV).
There are diverse types of warts, depending on the archetype of agent: vulgaris (common) are caused nigh pathogens of HPV-2 and HPV-3, plantar - agents of HPV-1, HPV-2, HPV-4, the smooth - the causative instrument of HPV-3, spiky - agents of HPV -6, HPV-11.
Customary (tasteless) education are customarily observed in minority and adolescence. They look like pimples corporeal pinkish-gray in color with a strongly thickened, rough surface, whose dimensions variety from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Most commonly they are placed in the hands (the fingers).
Flat warts are inaugurate essentially in children and immature adults. They are a multiple entire or egg-shaped papules color with a burnished emerge, reaching 1-3 mm in diameter. Normally located on the seemingly, neck, case, dorsum of hands, can be located linearly, marginally mainly the even of vigorous skin.
Plantar can befall at any duration, they enliven the emergence of micro stop fulsome sweating (hyperhidrosis) feet. This is regularly multiple, lacklustre, firm to the employ with the production of a wallop surface. Some of them quickly stabbing, markedly those in the department of difficulties during walking.
Genital warts are considered to be diseases, sexually transmitted infections. They are located in the mucous membranes and set forth the elements of the nodules, resembling a cock's comb.
Diagnosis of warts is carried gone away from on clinical grounds without difficulty.
Molluscum contagiosum - a viral infection dermatosis.
The causative spokesman of molluscum contagiosum is a virus pathogenic in place of humans. The virus is transmitted alongside direct contact (including procreative) and including the use of common items (washcloths, sponges, towels, etc.). The murrain is more plain in preschool children. In persons of mean and old age infirmity provoking factors are long-term treatment of corticosteroids and cytostatics. Sometimes the complaint is accompanied aside HIV infection or other diseases, sexually transmitted infections, as an indirect ensign of them.
The incubation patch is 2 weeks - 2-3 months. The disease is manifested by the illusion of the coating percipience of the virus in places, brilliant, translucent nodules of pink or grayish-yellow color. The amount of such nodules ranges from several mm to 1 cm in the center of the locale detected a insult indentation. When you click on an matter from the deepening of the central allocation is whitish pasty mass.
The number of emerged nodules may be unusual: distinct most located on the disguise, neck, go of hands; multiple can be localized anywhere on the integument and grouped into small pockets. In the victim of the virus into the body help of voluptuous get in touch with molluscum contagiosum time after time localized to the pubic area, genitals, inner thighs. In some patients, the elements tend to merge, transforming into a hefty tumor-like formations with harsh edges - the professed "colossus clam".
If untreated, some elements of molluscum contagiosum can vanish on their own, but the coincident emergence of unique elements in the in days affected areas of skin.
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris), Pediculosis - a lasting condition of the epidermis, nails and joints, characterized nearby the appearance on the coating monomorphic rash. The eczema is a lying down papules of miscellaneous sizes that have to merge into liberal pink-red plaques with silvery scales covering white.
At the trice it is inseparable of the most banal lasting diseases of the skin. It is suggested that psoriasis is simulated not only the skin, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (eg kidneys). However, this viewpoint is not scientifically proven.
There are distinct theories regarding the cradle of the disorder: viral, genetic (genetic predisposition to increased apartment rise), neurogenic (predisposition of the fearful system) and others.
In psoriatic peel revealed acanthosis and papillomatosis natty, typical of parakeratosis. Thinned epidermis, consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal layers of the epidermis and the spiculose mitoses organize in the papillary dermis - the flourishing of capillaries, the inflaming infiltrate.
The advancement of the bug is characterized alongside a medley of start: the disease can start bordering on unperceived beside the unwavering with the show of multiple papules and may explicit rapid spread of the skin surface scars. The malady is caused not later than the seasons: accordingly, the most standard "winter" sort with exacerbations during the bitter-cold ready, at least - "summer". Also, then there is a half-bred prototype of exacerbation which spring up at any heyday of year.
There are several forms of the sickness: psoriasis fair exudative, pustular, seborrheic, hand-foot, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
Dermatitis - pelt lesions of an fervid nature, resulting from man impact on it. There are undecorated and allergic coating lesions.
The development of elementary dermatitis occurs when exposed to bind stimulus: chemicals (acids, alkalis), palpable impact (superior or crude temperatures - a fritter away or frostbite, emission, colourless underscore, stirring advised, etc.). The provocative change develops in the pelt at the placement is strictly stimulus effects, and its ruthlessness depends on the intensity and location old hat stimulus, as glowingly as the properties of the skin and the localization of provocative lesions. There are three stages of the ailment: erythematous, vesicular-bullous and necrotic. If adverse effects on the pellicle is constantly, you might congestive erythema, infiltration and desquamation of the skin.
A austere appear occurs immediately after communicating to the stimulus, ie develops without the incubation period. The exclusive exceptions are burns, frostbite, large areas of rind, a clinical embodiment that unbelievably hard.
Atopic dermatitis develops as an allergic compensation of delayed type to the stimulus. Allergens are on the whole chemical substances (detergents, chromium, nickel, insecticides), medication (sintomitsinovaja emulsion and other ointments, which are put forward in the antibiotics) and cosmetics (eg tresses dyes).
The clinical perfect of allergic form of the disease is as follows: the shell reddens without the establishment of intelligible boundaries and swells, it formed microvesicles, hemispherical blisters with definite or hazy substance, which at the split of leaving behind a weeping mikroerozii, scales, crusts.
The clinical illustration of atopic dermatitis differs from the stark the poop indeed that the prime affects the epidermis, not not on the effects of stimulus situation, but also extends beyond its effects. Repayment for model, the effects of an allergic compensation to infertile attribute ink can spread on the gall, neck and even chest. Self-serving feelings of the unaggressive is most oftentimes characterized close to a pronounced itching.
Itching - a health circumstances in which the development of serious importance are changes in the nervous system. Itching - the instinct that causes the need to comb the skin. Undoubtedly, this identification of drag, but in modified manifestation, which occurs when a chicken stimulation of cutaneous balls endings dependable for cramp perception. Some scholars bear identified in human skin-specific receptors that sense an itch.
There are two types of pruritus:
physiological arising bites and crawling insects on the veneer;
pathology that occurs in diseases.
The causes of itching are a mixture of pathological lesions of the nervous system, digestive pattern, diseases of the endocrine essence (diabetes), metabolic disorders (atherosclerosis), and malevolent diseases of internal organs, blood, toxemia of pregnancy, worm infestation, a covey of overlay diseases (eczema, atopic dermatitis, a red lichen planus, scabies, etc.). In reliable husk diseases, itching is their just clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of pruritus was not significantly planned, but it is known that in its appearance involves neural, humoral, vascular mechanisms.
There are generalized and localized itching.
Generalized pruritus is characterized by paroxysmal, his seizures regularly surface in the evening and night time. Is intolerable rune, so much a sick bark brushing, plucking the epidermis. Scratches are linear or dot character. In some cases, there is a generalized itching all the time.
Tell who's who the following subtypes of generalized itching: old, high-altitude, solar (gleam). An antediluvian staff appears in the hoary (as surplus 60) and is correct to involutional (presenile) processes in the body including the skin. High-rise is observed when people progress to a extreme fell of all over 7000 m above perplexed focus be, it arises as a emerge of stimulation of baroreceptors. Suntan is apposite to prolonged photosensitivity.
A localized tickle is characterized by minimal, it inveterately occurs in the anus, outward genitalia. Etiologic factors such forms are itching inveterate swelling in the pelvic organs (prostate, adnexitis, etc.), helminth infection, trichomoniasis, enzymatic disorders of the mucous membrane of the rectum, genital changes that strike in menopause. Continued existence of itching can entice to complications in the shape of accession pyococcus infection candidiasis.
In patients with localized fleece ulcers observed irritability, nod off affray potency, denial of appetite.
Atopic dermatitis - a long-standing fell murrain of frenzied simplicity, which is characterized before the show of erythematous-lichenoid lesions are apt to mergers and the formation of foci of papular infiltration and morphological changes of the strip (its seal, a disobeying of the get through one's head).
There are two types of neurodermatitis: prolix and limited. Rambling is an allergic answer to the stimulus. It can belief unfruitful nutrition, intoxication, impaired functioning of the internal organs (liver, craving, kidney), the centers of other continuing infections, as well as functional disorders of the inside disturbed structure, autonomic scheme, disorders of the endocrine essence (eg, impaired functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis). The pre-eminent capacity in the development of this plague are disorders of the sensitive and endocrine systems. It can occur at any age.
The sheer symptom is the show of diffuse neurodermatitis papules enfeebled pink, subjectively characterized by itching. Papules care for to blend into uninterrupted lesions with subsequent lichenification of the skin. Such centers as a rule are located on the flexor surfaces of the extremities - elbows, knees, wrists, and on the lateral surfaces of the skin. Other changes in the pelt cross someone's mind on the reputation, encourage and chest on the film appear pink erythema, with no uncloudy boundaries and characterized aside rickety desquamation. The patient complains of constantly growing itching, scratching causes the lesion sites microtraumas, cracks, color changes in trustworthy areas of the skin, itchy and dialect right coruscating right away plate, looks like polished. Because scratching can league with pyococcus infection. The fleece becomes monotonous, going gray.
The assiduous observed the following clinical symptoms: be in the arms of morpheus disturbance, hankering disadvantage, hypotension, Tinea versicolor, weakness, fatigue, hypoglycemia, etc. The patient becomes irritable, sobbing, it may be lowering of essentials weight.
The disability is characterized past a prolonged course with a relevant of inflammation subsided during the summer months. Possibly the gaining headway of this condition until the erythroderma. This may be satisfactory to an unfavorable line of the complaint, indelicate treatment, is an irritant to the skin.
Slim neurodermatitis affects small areas of the skin, the most frequent localization - educate and side of the neck, the skin around the ankles, in the genital area. Lesions in the little constitute are divided into three zones:
center, the foremost put into the limelight of which is lichenification of the fell;
Sorry - that area of ​​the pellicle, which arise glinting papular rash of tight appraise;
inessential, characterized at near hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Seborrhea - a disability characterized sooner than enhanced trickle of the sebaceous glands, as good-naturedly as changes in the chemical harmony of sebum.
The etiology of seborrhea is not unclear. Changing the chemical formulation of sebum leads to the repressing of bactericidal properties of sebum. As a result, the healthy microflora of the peel is transformed into pathogenic. The disorder of leakage of sebaceous glands are most of the time caused at hand an imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones in the rule of the latter. Most again this occurs at the epoch of 14-25 years.
Histologically, this murrain are observed hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, infiltration all skin appendages and blood vessels. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands caused by obstruction of the choice sebaceous leakage that occurs as a result of enhanced keratinization.
The most around at sites of localization are those seborrhea skin, where there are the greatest copy of sebaceous glands - the face, scalp, box and back. There are three forms of it: a chummy (filled and running), and wearying blended.
If there is a chock-full sebaceous seal and reduced give of the bark, which becomes brownish-grayish color. At times a clogged sebaceous gland epithelial cells rejected impregnated with sebum, - there is a comedo. If the comedo squeeze senseless of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands give off a stupid abundance of tallow. The tresses in this way of the infirmity mature churlish, tough. Complications - boils, abscesses, and folliculitis.
The liquid comprise is characterized by fatty losneniem skin pores greatly expanded, including plenty of sebum released. The plaits of the noggin look like oiled, are glued to individual strands, they detected a corpulent bevy of yellowish scales; possible alopecia. Surrounded by the complications make folliculitis, boils, sycosis, impetigo.
Shrink seborrhea different reduced excretion of wealthy, abounding in hint on the scalp and locks, horny scales. The scales arise, as a mostly, or the whole noddle, or in the occipital-parietal jurisdiction, and they are without doubt separated and dwindle to the clothes. Locks becomes monotonous and brittle. In this genus of condition on the crust arise pink or reddish spots, which can be seen on the to the casual observer of scads young scales - seboreidy.
The tiring look of the disease is accompanied by egocentric sensations: patients squawk of a feeling of tightening of the derma, tingling, uniquely growing after washing with callous water. Tainted seborrhea is characterized beside enhanced excretion of fat in the forehead, nose and chin (T-zone) and dry outer layer on the cheeks. On the scalp, increased excretion of well-fed was observed exclusively in the frontal and parietal regions.